Writing posts

One of Bunto’s best aspects is that it is “blog aware”. What does this mean, exactly? Well, simply put, it means that blogging is baked into Bunto’s functionality. If you write articles and publish them online, you can publish and maintain a blog simply by managing a folder of text-files on your computer. Compared to the hassle of configuring and maintaining databases and web-based CMS systems, this will be a welcome change!

The Posts Folder

As explained on the directory structure page, the _posts folder is where your blog posts will live. These files are generally Markdown or HTML, but can be other formats with the proper converter installed. All posts must have YAML Front Matter, and they will be converted from their source format into an HTML page that is part of your static site.

Creating Post Files

To create a new post, all you need to do is create a file in the _posts directory. How you name files in this folder is important. Bunto requires blog post files to be named according to the following format:

YEAR-MONTH-DAY-title.MARKUP

Where YEAR is a four-digit number, MONTH and DAY are both two-digit numbers, and MARKUP is the file extension representing the format used in the file. For example, the following are examples of valid post filenames:

2011-12-31-new-years-eve-is-awesome.md
2012-09-12-how-to-write-a-blog.md

Content Formats

All blog post files must begin with YAML Front Matter. After that, it’s simply a matter of deciding which format you prefer. Bunto supports Markdown out of the box, and has myriad extensions for other formats as well, including the popular Textile format. These formats each have their own way of marking up different types of content within a post, so you should familiarize yourself with these formats and decide which one best suits your needs.

Including images and resources

Chances are, at some point, you’ll want to include images, downloads, or other digital assets along with your text content. While the syntax for linking to these resources differs between Markdown and Textile, the problem of working out where to store these files in your site is something everyone will face.

Because of Bunto’s flexibility, there are many solutions to how to do this. One common solution is to create a folder in the root of the project directory called something like assets or downloads, into which any images, downloads or other resources are placed. Then, from within any post, they can be linked to using the site’s root as the path for the asset to include. Again, this will depend on the way your site’s (sub)domain and path are configured, but here are some examples (in Markdown) of how you could do this using the site.url variable in a post.

Including an image asset in a post:

... which is shown in the screenshot below:
![My helpful screenshot]({{ site.url }}/assets/screenshot.jpg)

Linking to a PDF for readers to download:

... you can [get the PDF]({{ site.url }}/assets/mydoc.pdf) directly.

A typical post

Bunto can handle many different iterations of the idea you might associate with a “post,” however a standard blog style post, including an Title, Layout, Publishing Date, and Categories might look like this:

---
layout: post
title:  "Welcome to Bunto!"
date:   2015-11-17 16:16:01 -0600
categories: bunto update
---
You’ll find this post in your `_posts` directory. Go ahead and edit it and re-build the site to see your changes. You can rebuild the site in many different ways, but the most common way is to run `bundle exec bunto serve`, which launches a web server and auto-regenerates your site when a file is updated.

To add new posts, simply add a file in the `_posts` directory that follows the convention `YYYY-MM-DD-name-of-post.ext` and includes the necessary front matter. Take a look at the source for this post to get an idea about how it works.

Everything in between the first and second --- are part of the YAML Front Matter, and everything after the second --- will be rendered with Markdown and show up as “Content.”

Displaying an index of posts

It’s all well and good to have posts in a folder, but a blog is no use unless you have a list of posts somewhere. Creating an index of posts on another page (or in a template) is easy, thanks to the Liquid template language and its tags. Here’s a basic example of how to create a list of links to your blog posts:

<ul>
  {% for post in site.posts %}
    <li>
      <a href="{{ post.url }}">{{ post.title }}</a>
    </li>
  {% endfor %}
</ul>

Of course, you have full control over how (and where) you display your posts, and how you structure your site. You should read more about how templates work with Bunto if you want to know more.

Note that the post variable only exists inside the for loop above. If you wish to access the currently-rendering page/posts’s variables (the variables of the post/page that has the for loop in it), use the page variable instead.

Post excerpts

Each post automatically takes the first block of text, from the beginning of the content to the first occurrence of excerpt_separator, and sets it as the post.excerpt. Take the above example of an index of posts. Perhaps you want to include a little hint about the post’s content by adding the first paragraph of each of your posts:

<ul>
  {% for post in site.posts %}
    <li>
      <a href="{{ post.url }}">{{ post.title }}</a>
      {{ post.excerpt }}
    </li>
  {% endfor %}
</ul>

Because Bunto grabs the first paragraph you will not need to wrap the excerpt in p tags, which is already done for you. These tags can be removed with the following if you’d prefer:

{{ post.excerpt | remove: '<p>' | remove: '</p>' }}

If you don’t like the automatically-generated post excerpt, it can be explicitly overridden by adding an excerpt value to your post’s YAML Front Matter. Alternatively, you can choose to define a custom excerpt_separator in the post’s YAML front matter:

---
excerpt_separator: <!--more-->
---

Excerpt
<!--more-->
Out-of-excerpt

You can also set the excerpt_separator globally in your _config.yml configuration file.

Completely disable excerpts by setting your excerpt_separator to "".

Also, as with any output generated by Liquid tags, you can pass the | strip_html filter to remove any html tags in the output. This is particularly helpful if you wish to output a post excerpt as a meta="description" tag within the post head, or anywhere else having html tags along with the content is not desirable.

Highlighting code snippets

Bunto also has built-in support for syntax highlighting of code snippets using either Pygments or Rouge, and including a code snippet in any post is easy. Just use the dedicated Liquid tag as follows:

{% highlight ruby %}
def show
  @widget = Widget(params[:id])
  respond_to do |format|
    format.html # show.html.erb
    format.json { render json: @widget }
  end
end
{% endhighlight %}

And the output will look like this:

def show
  @widget = Widget(params[:id])
  respond_to do |format|
    format.html # show.html.erb
    format.json { render json: @widget }
  end
end

These basics should be enough to get you started writing your first posts. When you’re ready to dig into what else is possible, you might be interested in doing things like customizing post permalinks or using custom variables in your posts and elsewhere on your site.